Pengertian, Rumus, Contoh dan Macam macam 5 Tenses Dasar Penting dalam Bahasa Inggris
Pengertian, Rumus, Contoh dan Macam macam 5 Tenses Dasar Penting dalam Bahasa Inggris
A. TENSES
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa (sekarang, waktu yang akan datang / besok, dan masa lampau).
Berikut ini adalah macam-macam 5 tenses dasar beserta rumus, dan contohnya:
1. Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Simple Present Tense adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (disingkat ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA ?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Always, usually, often, seldom, never.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Present Tense:
(+) My Mother goes to Traditional Market.
(-) My Mother does not go to Traditional Market.
(?) Does your mother go to Traditional Market?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Present Tense.
(+) Dinda is a smart woman.
(-) Dinda is not a smart woman.
(?) Is she a smart woman?
2. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sekarang)
Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi saat ini.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Now, Right now, At present, At this moment.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) She is reading a book
(-) She is not reading a book
(?) is she reading a book?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) Budi is Tall.
(-) Budi is not Tall.
(?) Is Budi Tall?
3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna sekarang)
Present Perfect Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa masa lampau namun masih memiliki pengaruh hingga sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) have/has + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Already, Just, Ever, Never, Lately.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) I just have eaten my lunch.
(-) I just have not eaten my lunch.
(?) Have I just eaten my lunch?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) Ratna has been here for 1 hour.
(-) Ratna has not been here for 1 hour.
(?) Has Ratna been here for 1 hour?
4. Present Perfect Continuous (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Present Perfect Continuous adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + has/have + been + ANA
(-) S + has/have + not + been + ANA
(?) Has/have + S + been + ANA
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : For, Since, All morning, The whole day.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+)He has been swimming for 30 minutes.
(-) He has not been swimming for 30 minutes.
(?) Has he been playing swimming for 30 minutes?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+) They have been in Bogor.
(-) They have not been in Bogor.
(?) Have they been in Bogor?
5. Simple Past Tense (Waktu lampau sederhana)
Simple Past Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Yesterday, Last Night, Last week, Two hours ago, In 1978.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Tense:
(+) My uncle went to my house yesterday.
(-) My uncle did not go to my house yesterday.
(?) Did My uncle go to my house yesterday?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Tense:
(+) She was a dentist.
(-) She was not a dentist.
(?) Was She a dentist?
Note:
Was: I, He, She, dan It.
Were: You, We, They.
A. TENSES
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa (sekarang, waktu yang akan datang / besok, dan masa lampau).
Berikut ini adalah macam-macam 5 tenses dasar beserta rumus, dan contohnya:
1. Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Simple Present Tense adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (disingkat ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA ?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Always, usually, often, seldom, never.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Present Tense:
(+) My Mother goes to Traditional Market.
(-) My Mother does not go to Traditional Market.
(?) Does your mother go to Traditional Market?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Present Tense.
(+) Dinda is a smart woman.
(-) Dinda is not a smart woman.
(?) Is she a smart woman?
2. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sekarang)
Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi saat ini.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Now, Right now, At present, At this moment.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) She is reading a book
(-) She is not reading a book
(?) is she reading a book?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) Budi is Tall.
(-) Budi is not Tall.
(?) Is Budi Tall?
3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna sekarang)
Present Perfect Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa masa lampau namun masih memiliki pengaruh hingga sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) have/has + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Already, Just, Ever, Never, Lately.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) I just have eaten my lunch.
(-) I just have not eaten my lunch.
(?) Have I just eaten my lunch?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) Ratna has been here for 1 hour.
(-) Ratna has not been here for 1 hour.
(?) Has Ratna been here for 1 hour?
4. Present Perfect Continuous (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Present Perfect Continuous adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + has/have + been + ANA
(-) S + has/have + not + been + ANA
(?) Has/have + S + been + ANA
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : For, Since, All morning, The whole day.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+)He has been swimming for 30 minutes.
(-) He has not been swimming for 30 minutes.
(?) Has he been playing swimming for 30 minutes?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+) They have been in Bogor.
(-) They have not been in Bogor.
(?) Have they been in Bogor?
5. Simple Past Tense (Waktu lampau sederhana)
Simple Past Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
– Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu : Yesterday, Last Night, Last week, Two hours ago, In 1978.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Tense:
(+) My uncle went to my house yesterday.
(-) My uncle did not go to my house yesterday.
(?) Did My uncle go to my house yesterday?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Tense:
(+) She was a dentist.
(-) She was not a dentist.
(?) Was She a dentist?
Note:
Was: I, He, She, dan It.
Were: You, We, They.